Our World in Data Set/13/2024

Our World in Data

sex., 13 de set., 04:33 (há 5 dias)

OUR RECENT PUBLICATIONS AND UPDATES Many of us can save a child's life, if we rely on the best data Giving money to a charity is one of the best things you can do for others. Your donation can make a huge difference. But whether or not your donation makes a difference greatly depends on where you donate. If you give your money to the least cost-effective charities, it will not do much. If you give it to an exceptionally effective charity, the same amount of money can save someone’s life. We all feel that some charities are more effective than others, but we tend to underestimate just how large the differences are. In a new article, Max Roser presents the data on these differences and makes the point that once you know them, the question of where to donate becomes morally crucial. Read Max's article Explore the interactive version of this chart → Improving the nutrition of mothers and children could save many lives at a relatively low cost In 2021, 4.7 million children under the age of five died; 2.4 million of those deaths were attributed to child and maternal malnutrition. That means around half of child deaths were linked to nutritional deficiencies. When you think about these deaths, you might imagine a very acute form of hunger: a starving child. While this can happen, it’s only a small fraction of the total deaths linked to malnutrition. In most cases, children don’t die of malnutrition. They die from conditions that are exacerbated or are triggered by it. In most cases, it’s a risk factor for premature death. In the chart, we see how many child deaths are attributed to different nutritional risk factors. In a new article, Hannah Ritchie explains more about the challenge of malnutrition, the progress we’ve made so far, and why it’s critical to invest in good nutrition for kids and mothers. Read Hannah's article  DAILY DATA INSIGHTS  Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, every weekday. Since our last Biweekly Digest, we’ve published many insights across a variety of topics. Here’s a selection: COVID-19 raised respiratory infection death rates to levels not seen in many decades → Working hours in wealthy countries have been reduced by half over the last 150 years → HIV antiretroviral therapy saves over a million lives each year → Rail travel is more prevalent in Japan than in Western Europe, and much more than in the United States → Public social spending has increased very substantially in the 20th century → Venezuelan migration: a major demographic shift in South America → Subscribe to Daily Data Insights We recently launched a newsletter to deliver Daily Data Insights to your inbox, every weekday. Subscribe to Daily Data Insights  EXPLORE OUR FEATURED WORK Explore the interactive version of this chart → Infant mortality rates have plummeted over the last 50 years. Globally, they’ve fallen by over two-thirds, from around 10% in 1974 to less than 3% today. A recent study — published in The Lancet by Andrew Shattock and an international team of researchers — estimates that increased access to crucial vaccines has reduced infant mortality by 40%. The chart shows the actual reduction in infant mortality rates with vaccination and the researchers’ estimates for a hypothetical scenario in which vaccines hadn't been rolled out. Based on these figures, vaccines are estimated to have saved 150 million children over the last 50 years. Read more Antipsychotic medications: a timeline of innovations and remaining challenges How many people are affected by homelessness?  WHAT WE'VE BEEN READING Growth while reducing carbon emissions In a previous article, we’d written about countries that have achieved economic growth while reducing their carbon emissions, even if we take offshored production into account. A new paper in Nature Scientific Reports looks at decoupling of growth and carbon emissions globally, up to 2018. It finds that 49 countries have decoupled emissions; 115 haven’t. – Hannah Saving lives with clean water Does clean water treatment actually reduce child mortality by around 25% in low- and middle-income countries? This finding, originally published in a meta-analysis, was recently evaluated by the UnJournal publication, which provides peer review and replication for published articles. While they found some issues with the method, the overall results of the study held up. Water treatment is a cheap and effective way to save lives. – Esteban